Tuesday, 4 October 2016

Dr. S, Rhodium and the Red Crystal

The new university semester for undergraduates around the world has just started recently. This time, I would like to share some of my fond memories about an inspiring chemistry teacher – Dr. S, and my indirect connection to the Nobel Prize-winning English chemist – Professor Geoffrey Wilkinson. While I will not explicitly state the identity of Dr. S, the smart readers will be able to find out somewhere in this article.

I have taken Chemistry as one of my A-Level subjects when I was studying in London about 10 years ago. One of my chemistry teachers, Dr. S, is someone who has since left a lasting impression on me, and he is probably one of the most admirable teachers I have ever met in school. He is knowledgeable, has a great British sense of humor, and is really committed to help and give advice to his students. I have had a lot of chances to interact with him during my A-Level studies. From all these interactions, I can feel his intense knowledge about the various aspects of chemistry, and furthermore, his wise insights about life. Often, he quite simply dictated the notes onto the whiteboard, without any reference to the textbooks, because, as he has said before, ‘I have taught this course for like 30 years.’ He loves his wife and family, and enjoys a decent glass of red wine. He has always demonstrated a genuine passion for his field. I still vividly remember the excitement he had when he was teaching my class about the various oxidation states of transition metal complexes, and the beautiful range of colors exhibited from those co-ordination compounds. His passion has infected me, too. He has motivated me to learn way beyond the boundary of exam syllabus, digging deep into the concepts of organic chemistry and co-ordination chemistry. These further studies have certainly benefited me in my future university work.

One great aspect regarding Dr. S is that, at the end of each lesson, he would always ask, ‘Does anyone have any questions or comments?’ To me, this is exactly the correct attitude to approach education. After all, the whole process of education should come from both directions, not merely about spoon-feeding some infants not knowing their places. The teacher can just learn as much as the students when the students are willing to provide feedback. The room to allow comments can provide a more liberal atmosphere for everyone, and can lead the students to pose appropriate questions and to generate discussions. This inspiration is something I have always borne in mind since then, and I still ask this to my students whenever I am serving as a teaching assistant in my department.

When I was studying chemistry in my undergraduate years, I had the opportunity to come across the wonderful work of the English chemist, Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson. By accident, I discovered an old research article of which Dr. S was co-authoring with Professor Wilkinson! Soon, I learnt that Dr. S was actually a PhD student from Professor Wilkinson’s research group in the early 1970s. Dr. S has told me on one occasion that he did his PhD in Imperial College, London, yet I have never drawn this connection myself. No wonder Dr. S has always been fascinated with transition metal chemistry! I also feel extremely fortunate that I can have such an indirect connection to Professor Wilkinson, someone I have always admired. Now, let me tell you a bit about Professor Wilkinson’s work, and Dr. S’s contribution to organometallic chemistry.

While Professor Wilkinson’s initial independent research career concentrated on nuclear chemistry, he soon decided to pursue his research in something that has fascinated him since his student years – the chemistry of transition metal complexes. Soon after, he worked in the US through the early 1950s. In Harvard, he and Woodward were instrumental in solving the structure of ferrocene, one of the most famous organometallic compounds in the chemistry world. In mid-1955, he was appointed to a chair professorship of Inorganic Chemistry in Imperial College, UK. He has been there ever since and has placed intense focus in the chemistry of transition metal compounds. He has worked a lot on the chemistry of ruthenium, rhodium and rhenium organometallic compounds, and the developments of many of these complexes have led to advances in the field of homogeneous catalysis. Other than ferrocene he has also led to the development of compounds like Wilkinson's catalyst, hexamethyltungsten and some elimination-stabilized alkyl complexes of transition metals.  His pioneering work in organometallic chemistry has led him to a Nobel Prize in 1973.  

Since last year, I have been working on rhodium-catalyzed hydroboration and hydroformylation reactions in my research, and have also been preparing analogous versions of the Wilkinson’s catalyst. Thus, I can totally appreciate the insightful achievement Professor Wilkinson has contributed to the field of homogeneous catalysis. Without his hard work, the development in organotransition metal chemistry would certainly less likely to be as vibrant as now. Indeed, I am proud of involving and contributing to this wonderful research field!

I am so fortunate to have met such an inspiring chemistry teacher, and more so, we can both stand on the shoulders of a giant, who encourages us to see further in the world of Chemistry. Thank you, Dr. S and Professor Wilkinson!

by Ed Law
4/10/2016


Reference:

1. A. Shortland and  G. Wilkinson
Hexamethyltungsten
J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1972, 318.
DOI: 10.1039/C3972000318A

2. A. J. Shortland and G. Wilkinson
Preparation and properties of hexamethyltungsten
J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1973, 872.
DOI: 10.1039/DT9730000872